We've met the dark side of journalism


By Allan R. Andrews,
Editor, Pacific Stars and Stripes, Tokyo, Japan
First published September 7, 1997




Much of my professional life as an editor has been spent defending the idea of a free press and defending journalists who practice being the eyes and ears of an informed public as well as being fellow working stiffs; fellow sufferers of those who hold power over us.

I still defend journalism and its practitioners, and I cannot run from the paparazzi; they too are among us. I don't have to be proud of what they do; I don't have to condone their relentless pursuit of photographic subjects; I must admit, however, they are part of my profession. Sadly, journalism has a dark side.

I've often challenged students and others by asking them "How do you know Ronald Reagan really existed?" Few have eye-witness personal experience of famous people. We learn of them through the second-order world of broadcast or print media.

When we contemplate it, much of what we know about the world, especially the world of politics and celebrity, we know only because of the media. Working journalists keep us up to speed with the world.

Lady Diana Spencer, the late Princess of Wales, the most photographed woman of the '90s who died last Sunday at the age of 36 in an automobile crash in Paris, was mediated to us by what we see on television, hear on radio, or read about in magazines and newspapers.

Her marriage in 1981 to Prince Charles, the heir to the throne of Great Britain, was one of the outstanding media events of the 20th century; it ranks among the top audience-garnering events of television.

Her death in 1997 may have triggered a self-examination period for journalists that will make the tragedy in Paris an even bigger "media" event.

To be sure, more people will line the streets of London to view her bier than showed up to cheer her marriage, and that too will be a media event.

Part of me, of course, rushes to deny the media had anything directly to do with Diana's death. A car driven by a drunk driver that enters a tunnel on a city street doing 121 miles per hour is explanation enough for a tragic end.

E
motional blaming of the media for this tragedy, says Professor James Lull of San Jose State University, " misunderstands the absolute necessity for vigorous journalism -- even media scandals -- in democracies such as ours."

Another part of me rushes to deny the legitimacy of the paparazzi as journalists; to thrust a rigid line of definition between their stalking of celebrities and the daily journalist's pursuit of a newsworthy story. The line is blurred, however, as those who chronicled the O.J. Simpson saga have clearly demonstrated.

A.M. Rosenthal of the New York Times makes the case clear: Executives of mainstream media must acknowledge, he writes, many more newspapers and magazines are running paparazzi-type pictures "and are publishing more unverified and sadistic gossip of their own creation."

Still another part of me wants to blame society. The market mentality has taken control, claims columnist Russell Baker, a colleague of Rosenthal's at the New York Times. The paparazzi will be berated and condemned for invading the privacy of the rich and famous, Baker writes. "Afterward, they will keep right on doing it anyhow," he concludes. Why? Because it pays too well to be abandoned.

The photographer who took fuzzy pictures of Princess Di and Dodi al Fayad embracing at a Mediterranean resort was paid $210,000 by the U.S. tabloid that ran the pictures. The total amount paid for those photos by worldwide publications that purchased them is said to be in the vicinity of $3 million. It would take the average working journalist more than 60 years to earn what that paparazzum made in a single shoot.

Sensationalism sells, but that doesn't make it noble and right, and while there are journalists who would leap at the lottery prize of the career-making scandal or celebrity shot, there are many who would walk away from it because they recognize "there's no news here."

Yet another part of me wants to blame the human psyche; that part of us that makes us celebrity watchers.

"Americans," Baker writes, "now consume 'celebrities' like potato chips." The photographers chasing Princess Di on that fateful night, Baker concludes, "were acting in behalf of the millions who feast on the rich, famous and glamorous."
Princess Di, it has been pointed out by several observers, decried the press on one hand but courted it on the other. The media that made her the "Queen of Hearts" in so many places made her life miserable in other places.

Our emptiness and shallowness provide motivation for the consumer-photographer-publisher-profit link.

Rather than attempting to assess blame, however, I'm seeking to broaden understanding, and in my broadening I am forced to grant the paparazzi admission into the world of journalists; they are specialists, to be sure, in the fickle world of so- called "celebrity journalism," but they are reaching readers as surely as any ace reporter, columnist or cartoonist.

In my understanding, however, I demand these specialists be known for what they represent: journalism's dark side.

The dark side of journalism exploits people, be they celebrities or notorious criminals, cute children or serial killers, naked sunbathers or cross-dressing gay activists. Most often the exploitation comes in pursuit of money or fame.

Journalists are tempted by big bucks and by stories that provide big ego boosts. We all work with our eye on the prize, be it the Pulitzer or the "way-to-go" from our supervisor. Even among journalists exists the temptation to celebrity status; the big-name, big-money television journalists are called "stars," and newspaper editors still put that label on their best reporters.

It should come as no revelation to citizen-consumers that for every media star there's a sleaze-ball colleague, and that most journalists, decrying stardom and sleaze, fall into the working-stiff middle.


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Allan R. Andrews can be contacted at allan.andrews@reporters.net